Day 31 of Lent: The history of Palm Sunday – a prelude to Holy Week

Palm Sunday marks the beginning of Holy Week, the most sacred period in the Christian calendar, leading up to Easter Sunday. This solemn yet celebratory day commemorates Jesus Christ’s triumphant entry into Jerusalem, an event foretold by Old Testament prophets and fulfilled in the New Testament. With deep historical roots, rich symbolism, and global traditions, Palm Sunday remains a pivotal observance for millions of Christians worldwide.

The biblical account of Palm Sunday

The story of Palm Sunday is recounted in all four Gospels (Matthew 21:1-11, Mark 11:1-11, Luke 19:28-44, John 12:12-19). According to Scripture, Jesus rode into Jerusalem on a donkey while crowds welcomed Him by laying palm branches and cloaks on the road, shouting, “Hosanna to the Son of David! Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord!” (Matthew 21:9).

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This moment fulfilled the prophecy of Zechariah 9:9:

“Rejoice greatly, Daughter Zion! Shout, Daughter Jerusalem! See, your king comes to you, righteous and victorious, lowly and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey.”

The use of a donkey—a symbol of peace—contrasted with warhorses, signifying Jesus’ humility and kingship. The palm branches, associated with victory and triumph in Jewish tradition, underscored His messianic role.

Historical and theological significance

Palm Sunday holds profound theological meaning:

Fulfillment of prophecy – Jesus’ entry affirmed His identity as the Messiah, fulfilling Old Testament predictions.
A paradox of kingship – Unlike earthly rulers, Jesus arrived humbly, foreshadowing His sacrificial death.
The start of Passion Week – This event set in motion the final days of Jesus’ earthly ministry, culminating in His crucifixion and resurrection.

Early Christians began commemorating Palm Sunday by the 4th century, with pilgrimages to Jerusalem and processions reenacting Christ’s entry. By the Middle Ages, the observance had spread throughout Europe, incorporating blessings of palms and dramatic readings of the Passion narrative.

Palm Sunday traditions around the world

Different Christian denominations observe Palm Sunday with unique customs:

Roman Catholicism – The day begins with a blessing of palms, followed by a procession and the reading of the Passion of Christ.

Eastern Orthodoxy – Known as “Willow Sunday” in some regions (where palms are scarce), believers carry pussy willows and participate in elaborate liturgical services.

Protestant Churches – Many hold palm processions and special hymns, emphasising Jesus’ kingship and sacrifice.

Latin America and the Philippines – Elaborate reenactments (“Salubong” in the Philippines) depict Jesus’ entry with vibrant processions.

Symbolism of palms and the donkey

Palm branches – In ancient times, palms symbolised victory, peace, and eternal life. Their use on Palm Sunday reflects Jesus’ triumph over sin and death.

The donkey – Unlike a warhorse, the donkey represented humility and servanthood, reinforcing Jesus’ mission as the suffering servant (Isaiah 53).

Palm Sunday’s connection to Easter

While Palm Sunday is celebratory, it also foreshadows Christ’s suffering. The same crowds shouting “Hosanna!” would later cry “Crucify Him!” within days—a stark reminder of human frailty and divine redemption. This transition from jubilation to sorrow makes Palm Sunday a profound prelude to Holy Week, inviting reflection on sacrifice, faith, and renewal.

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Why Palm Sunday matters today

For modern believers, Palm Sunday serves as:

A call to humility – Jesus’ example challenges us to embrace servant leadership.

A reminder of God’s plan – Even in apparent triumph, suffering may follow—yet God’s purpose prevails.

An invitation to worship – Like the crowds, we are called to honour Christ as King.

Palm Sunday is more than a historical event—it is a living tradition that bridges prophecy, sacrifice, and redemption. As Christians worldwide wave palms and sing “Hosanna”, they join a millennia-old proclamation of Jesus’ kingship. This sacred day ushers in Holy Week, preparing hearts for the sorrow of Good Friday and the joy of Easter Sunday.

By understanding its biblical roots, historical development, and enduring significance, we deepen our appreciation for Palm Sunday’s role in the Christian faith. Whether through processions, Scripture readings, or personal reflection, this day remains a powerful reminder of Christ’s love, humility, and ultimate victory.

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