The literary works of Eric Williams: History, politics and Caribbean identity.

Eric Williams: The complete literary works of Trinidad and Tobago’s scholar-statesman

Eric Williams remains the most influential Caribbean historian and political intellectual of the twentieth century, with literary works that transformed global understanding of slavery, colonialism, capitalism, Caribbean identity, and decolonisation. His publications reshaped Atlantic historiography, challenged imperial narratives, and established the Caribbean as a serious field of academic inquiry.

From dense archival studies written during his Oxford years to speeches and memoirs produced while governing Trinidad and Tobago, Williams developed a body of work that fused scholarship with political action. His books continue to influence historians, economists, political theorists, educators, and postcolonial scholars across the world.

This article presents the complete major printed literary works of Dr Eric Eustace Williams in chronological order, alongside historical analysis of their intellectual significance. It examines how Williams moved from colonial scholar to nationalist leader while maintaining a rigorous commitment to documentary evidence and historical interpretation. The article also situates his publications within wider debates on empire, slavery, education, federation, and Caribbean nationhood.

His literary legacy extends beyond academic history into political literature, educational reform, constitutional development, and anti-colonial philosophy. Few twentieth-century leaders combined statecraft and scholarship with equal authority. Williams achieved both.

Key Takeaways

Eric Williams revolutionised the study of slavery and capitalism.
His works established Caribbean history as a global academic discipline.
Capitalism and Slavery remains his most influential publication.
Williams combined political leadership with sustained scholarly writing.
His literary legacy still shapes postcolonial and reparations debates.
The intellectual formation of Eric Williams

Eric Williams was born in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, on September 25, 1911. Educated at Queen’s Royal College before winning an Island Scholarship to the University of Oxford, Williams emerged during a period when Caribbean history was largely written through imperial British frameworks. Colonial historians frequently portrayed enslaved Africans as passive subjects and treated the British Empire as a civilising force. Williams rejected these assumptions from the outset.

At Oxford, Williams specialised in history and pursued doctoral research on the economic foundations of British abolitionism. His work drew extensively from parliamentary records, trade documents, shipping logs, plantation accounts, and imperial correspondence. Rather than presenting abolition as a purely humanitarian movement, Williams argued that Britain abandoned slavery when the plantation system ceased serving metropolitan economic interests.

This argument became the foundation for his later literary and political career. Throughout his writings, Williams consistently connected economics, race, empire, labour, and political power. He viewed history as an instrument for liberation rather than passive academic inquiry. His books therefore carried both scholarly and nationalist purposes.

Early scholarly articles and academic foundations during the 1930s and early 1940s

Before publishing books, Williams established his reputation through journal articles and research papers in respected academic periodicals including the Journal of Negro History and Phylon. These early writings focused heavily on the Atlantic slave trade, British mercantilism, Caribbean plantation economies, and the economic logic of abolition.

His articles demonstrated extraordinary archival depth for a young scholar from the colonial Caribbean. Williams challenged prevailing British interpretations that framed abolition as the triumph of Christian morality and humanitarian idealism. Instead, he examined declining sugar profitability, industrial capitalism, free-trade pressures, and changing imperial priorities.

One influential article, “The Golden Age of the Slave System in Britain”, published in 1940, explored how West Indian slavery financed British commercial expansion and industrial growth. Williams argued that wealth extracted from enslaved labour helped capitalise British banking, shipping, manufacturing, and insurance industries.

Another significant essay, “The British West Indian Slave Trade”, analysed the relationship between state power and commercial monopolies in sustaining slavery. These early publications established many arguments that would later appear in Capitalism and Slavery.

Though often overshadowed by his later books, these journal articles remain critical to understanding Williams’ intellectual evolution. They reveal his mastery of economic history and his determination to dismantle Eurocentric interpretations of empire.

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The Negro in the Caribbean (1942)

Published in 1942 as part of the Bronze Booklet series by Associates in Negro Folk Education, The Negro in the Caribbean represented Williams’ first major book-length intervention into Caribbean political thought. Compact in size but expansive in implication, the work examined the social and economic conditions of Black populations across the British Caribbean.

Williams described the publication as “an out-and-out attack on colonialism”. He rejected racist theories of Black inferiority and argued that Caribbean underdevelopment stemmed directly from imperial exploitation, plantation economics, and systemic political exclusion.

The book also explored education, labour, migration, race relations, and governance throughout the region. Written during the Second World War, it anticipated the anti-colonial movements that would reshape the Caribbean during the following decades.

Laissez Faire, Sugar and Slavery (1943)

Published in Political Science Quarterly in 1943, Laissez Faire, Sugar and Slavery further refined Williams’ economic interpretation of slavery and abolition. The article analysed how British free-trade ideology intersected with Caribbean plantation interests during the nineteenth century.

Williams argued that laissez-faire principles were selectively applied by British policymakers. Economic doctrines were embraced or discarded depending on whether they benefited metropolitan commercial interests and industrial capitalism.

The publication strengthened Williams’ reputation within academic economic history. It also directly challenged narratives portraying Britain as a uniquely moral imperial power that voluntarily dismantled slavery for humanitarian reasons alone.

Capitalism and Slavery (1944)

Capitalism and Slavery, published in 1944, became Eric Williams’ defining intellectual achievement and one of the most important historical works ever produced by a Caribbean scholar. Derived from his Oxford doctoral thesis, the book fundamentally transformed interpretations of Atlantic slavery and abolition.

Williams argued that Caribbean slavery generated enormous wealth for Britain and contributed directly to financing the Industrial Revolution. According to his thesis, profits from sugar plantations, slave trading, shipping, banking, and associated industries accelerated British capitalist development.

Equally controversial was his argument concerning abolition. Williams maintained that Britain abolished slavery primarily because the plantation system had become economically inefficient relative to industrial capitalism. Humanitarian movements mattered, but they operated within broader economic transformations rather than independently of them.

The book provoked intense debate among historians in Britain, the United States, and the Caribbean. Critics challenged aspects of Williams’ economic determinism, while supporters praised the work for exposing the material foundations of empire.

Despite scholarly disagreements, Capitalism and Slavery permanently altered Atlantic historiography. The work remains central to debates on reparations, colonialism, economic development, and racial capitalism. Its influence extends across history, economics, sociology, political science, and postcolonial studies.

Education in the British West Indies (1946)

Published in 1946, Education in the British West Indies reflected Williams’ growing concern with colonial educational systems and their role in perpetuating dependency. Expanded from an earlier memorandum, the book critiqued British colonial curricula for alienating Caribbean students from their own societies and histories.

Williams argued that colonial education privileged British culture while marginalising Caribbean realities. He advocated educational reform centred on regional history, vocational training, citizenship, and economic self-sufficiency.

The publication carried enormous long-term significance. Williams later implemented many of these ideas as Prime Minister, expanding educational access and promoting national development through schooling.

The book also demonstrated how Williams linked intellectual liberation to political independence. Education, in his view, was essential for dismantling colonial psychology and building sovereign Caribbean nations.

Essays, pamphlets, and political writings during the 1940s and 1950s

During the late 1940s and 1950s, Williams produced a substantial range of articles, speeches, pamphlets, lectures, and government-related publications. These writings often addressed constitutional reform, race relations, federation, labour issues, and Caribbean political development.

Among these works were essays examining the historical background of British Guiana, post-emancipation labour systems, and race dynamics within the Caribbean. Williams also edited historical documents and parliamentary extracts intended to support Caribbean historical research.

Many of these shorter publications emerged while Williams worked with the Caribbean Commission and later entered active politics through the People’s National Movement in Trinidad and Tobago. They reveal the transition from academic historian to mass political educator.

Williams’ political speeches during this period became literary works in their own right. His famous public lectures in Woodford Square, later called “The University of Woodford Square”, educated thousands of ordinary Trinidadians on history, economics, colonialism, and self-government.

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History of the People of Trinidad and Tobago (1962/1964)

Written during the approach to Trinidad and Tobago’s independence, History of the People of Trinidad and Tobago provided the new nation with a foundational historical narrative. First published in the early 1960s and widely circulated by 1964, the book traced Trinidadian history from indigenous settlement through Spanish colonisation, slavery, emancipation, indentureship, and modern political development.

Williams emphasised the multicultural formation of Trinidad and Tobago while critiquing imperial exploitation and racial hierarchy. He portrayed national history as a shared process of struggle, adaptation, and resilience.

The book became one of the most widely read historical texts in Trinidad and Tobago. It played a major role in shaping post-independence civic identity and remains essential reading for understanding the nation’s historical consciousness.

Documents of West Indian History, Volume 1: 1492–1655 (1963)

Published in 1963, Documents of West Indian History reflected Williams’ commitment to archival preservation and Caribbean historical scholarship. The volume compiled primary historical documents from the arrival of Christopher Columbus through the British conquest of Jamaica.

Williams intended the sourcebook to support regional education and independent historical research. By making difficult-to-access archival materials available to Caribbean students and scholars, he sought to democratise historical knowledge.

The collection also carried symbolic importance. Williams believed Caribbean people needed direct access to their historical records rather than relying exclusively on British interpretations of the region’s past.

British Historians and the West Indies (1964)

In British Historians and the West Indies, published in 1964, Williams launched a direct critique of British scholarship concerning Caribbean history. He examined how imperial historians minimised slavery, justified colonial rule, and marginalised Caribbean agency.

Williams argued that historical writing itself functioned as an instrument of imperial power. Metropolitan scholars often presented the Caribbean as economically dependent and culturally inferior while ignoring the exploitative foundations of empire.

The book became an important contribution to decolonising historical methodology. It encouraged Caribbean scholars to challenge inherited narratives and produce independent regional scholarship rooted in local perspectives and documentary evidence.

Britain and the West Indies (1969)

Based partly on the Noel Buxton Lectures, Britain and the West Indies explored the evolving relationship between Britain and its former Caribbean colonies during the postcolonial era. Williams examined constitutional change, federation, economic dependency, migration, and neo-colonial influence.

The work reflected his experience as both historian and head of government. Williams analysed the structural inequalities that persisted after formal independence and warned against economic arrangements that reproduced colonial dependency under new forms.

The publication also addressed the collapse of the West Indies Federation, a political project Williams had once strongly supported. His reflections combined disappointment with pragmatic analysis of regional political realities.

Inward Hunger: The Education of a Prime Minister (1969/1971)

Inward Hunger stands among the most important political autobiographies produced in the Caribbean. Published around 1969 and circulated internationally by 1971, the memoir chronicled Williams’ intellectual development, academic struggles, political emergence, and leadership experiences.

The book explored his childhood in colonial Trinidad, scholarship years at Oxford, racial discrimination encountered abroad, and eventual return to the Caribbean. Williams also reflected extensively on federation politics, constitutional negotiations, and the burdens of governance.

Unlike purely personal memoirs, Inward Hunger functioned simultaneously as political history and intellectual self-analysis. The title itself suggested a lifelong pursuit of knowledge, achievement, and national transformation.

The work remains invaluable for understanding Williams’ political philosophy and psychological formation. It also offers rare insight into the experiences of a Caribbean intellectual navigating British academia during the colonial era.

From Columbus to Castro: The History of the Caribbean 1492–1969 (1970/1971)

Widely regarded as Williams’ historical masterpiece after Capitalism and Slavery, From Columbus to Castro offered a sweeping synthesis of nearly five centuries of Caribbean history. Published in 1970 and widely distributed in 1971, the book examined the region from European contact to the Cuban Revolution.

Williams integrated economic, political, military, social, and cultural analysis into a single panoramic narrative. He connected slavery, imperial rivalry, plantation economies, migration, nationalism, and Cold War geopolitics within a unified Caribbean framework.

The book highlighted recurring themes of external exploitation and internal resistance. Williams portrayed the Caribbean not as a peripheral region but as a central arena in world history shaped by global capitalism and imperial competition.

From Columbus to Castro became a foundational university text internationally. Its broad scope and interpretive confidence demonstrated Williams’ maturity as both historian and statesman.

Posthumous collections and speeches

Following Williams’ death in 1981, several collections of speeches and writings were published to preserve his intellectual and political legacy. Among the most significant was Forged from the Love of Liberty: Selected Speeches of Dr Eric Williams.

This compilation captured Williams’ extraordinary oratorical style and political philosophy. The speeches addressed nationalism, economic development, race relations, Caribbean unity, education, labour, constitutional reform, and international affairs.

The collection included some of his most famous public addresses, including declarations associated with decolonisation and political sovereignty. As literary texts, the speeches reveal Williams’ ability to translate historical scholarship into persuasive mass communication.

His speeches also illustrate the continuity between his academic writings and political governance. Williams consistently viewed history as essential for public consciousness and national self-understanding.

The literary style and intellectual method of Eric Williams

Eric Williams wrote with unusual clarity for a professional historian. His prose combined documentary precision with rhetorical force, enabling his works to reach both academic and public audiences. Unlike many historians of his era, he avoided excessive abstraction and grounded arguments in empirical archival evidence.

His literary style reflected British academic training while retaining Caribbean political urgency. Williams frequently used irony, concise argumentation, and cumulative documentary evidence to dismantle imperial assumptions.

Economics formed the structural backbone of most of his historical writing. Williams consistently interpreted slavery, colonialism, and political development through material interests and institutional power rather than moral rhetoric alone.

At the same time, his works possessed unmistakable literary qualities. Inward Hunger demonstrated autobiographical introspection, while History of the People of Trinidad and Tobago carried elements of national epic narrative. His speeches blended scholarship with dramatic cadence and public persuasion.

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The enduring global influence of Eric Williams

The University of the West Indies houses the Eric Williams Memorial Collection, which preserves manuscripts, speeches, correspondence, research notes, and unpublished materials connected to his career. The archive remains among the most important repositories for Caribbean intellectual history.

Williams’ literary influence extends far beyond Trinidad and Tobago. Historians studying slavery, capitalism, colonialism, race, and reparations continue engaging with arguments first articulated in Capitalism and Slavery. His work anticipated later fields including postcolonial studies, Black Atlantic studies, and global economic history.

In political thought, Williams helped define the intellectual foundations of Caribbean independence. His writings linked national sovereignty with economic development, education, and historical consciousness.

For Caribbean readers, Williams remains both historian and nation-builder. His books provided intellectual legitimacy to societies long marginalised within imperial narratives. He insisted that Caribbean history deserved rigorous scholarship equal to any European subject.

Few twentieth-century political leaders produced literary works of comparable historical significance. Williams governed a newly independent nation while continuing to publish major intellectual contributions to world historiography.

Eric Williams and the permanence of Caribbean historical literature

More than four decades after his death, Eric Williams remains central to discussions of slavery, empire, capitalism, decolonisation, and Caribbean identity. His literary corpus represents one of the most important bodies of historical writing produced by any Caribbean intellectual.

From the early scholarly articles of the 1930s to the grand synthesis of From Columbus to Castro, Williams consistently pursued historical truth through documentary research and political analysis. His works challenged imperial orthodoxy while constructing an independent Caribbean intellectual tradition.

The complete literary works of Eric Williams reveal a rare convergence of scholarship and governance. He was simultaneously historian, educator, public intellectual, political organiser, anti-colonial theorist, and Prime Minister. Each role informed the others.

Today, his books continue to be studied across universities worldwide because the central questions he addressed remain unresolved. The relationships between capitalism and slavery, wealth and exploitation, empire and underdevelopment, continue shaping global politics and historical scholarship.

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Dr Eric Williams’ bibliography

1938

“Economic aspect of the abolition of the West Indian slave trade and slavery“. 408p. PhD Dissertation. Oxford University 1938.

1940

“Golden age of the slave system in Britain” JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY Vol XXV (1), January 1940, p.60-106.

“The Negro in the British West Indies” in Negro in the Americas; edited by Charles Harris Wesley. Washington, D.C.: Howard University, 1940, p.17-19. Public lectures of the Division of Social Sciences Graduate School, Howard University Vol 1.

1941

“The Impact of the international crisis upon the negro in the Caribbean“. JOURNAL OF NEGRO EDUCATION Vol X (3), July 1941, p.536-544.

“Problems of economic research: added comments respecting the West Indies”. AMERICAN COUNCIL OF LEARNED SOCIETIES BULLETIN No 32 Sept. 1941, p.58-67.

1942

“British West Indian slave trade after its abolition in 1807“. JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY Vol XXVII, April 1942, p.175-191.

“Crossways of the Caribbean“. SURVEY GRAPHIC 31 (11), November 1942, p.510-514, 564. (Calling America Series).

“Negro in the Caribbean“. Washington, D.C. : Associates in Negro Folk Education, 1942. 119p. (Bronze booklet No 8).

Manchester: Panaf Service, [1945]. 72p. (International African Service Bureau Publication No 5).

Westport, Connecticut: Negro Universities Press, 1969. 119p.

NY: Haskell House, 1970. 119p. (Studies in Black History & Culture No 54).

“Slavery and the plantation system: slavery in the Caribbean” in Readings in government and politics of the West Indies; edited by Trevor Munroe and Rupert Lewis. Mona: Department of Government, UWI, 1971, p.19-21. (Excerpt from Negro in the Caribbean p.12-15).

1943

“British possessions” [the impact of world war II] in Economic problems of the Caribbean area. NY: Latin American Economic Institute, 1943, p.20-23 (pamphlet series No 7).

“Laissez faire, sugar and slavery“. POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY Vol. lviii (1) March 1943, p.67-85.

1944

“Economic development of the Caribbean up to the present” in Economic future of the Caribbean; edited by E. Franklin Frazier and Eric Williams. Washington, D.C. : Howard University Press, 1944, p.19-24.

“The British West Indies in world history“. POS : [Guardian Commercial Printery, 1944]. 18p. A lecture delivered under the chairmanship of His Excellency the Acting Governor The Hon. A.B. Wright at the Trinidad Public Library on April 19 1944.

“Sweetening British fortunes“: Unit 8 in Language for living: a Caribbean English course O’ level stage by Cecil Gray & Alan Gilchrist. London: Longman, 1973, p.61-64. (Extract from a lecture at the Trinidad Public Library on April 19 1944).

“Capitalism and slavery“. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1944. 285p.

NY: Russel & Russel, 1961. ix, 285p.

London: Deutsch, 1964. 285p.

NY: Capricorn Books, 1966. 285p. (Cap 124).

“Capitalisme et esclavage” avec une introduction de D.W. Brogan. Paris: Presence Africaine, 1968. 352p.

“Capitalismo e schiavitu; traduzione di Luca Trevisani. Bari: Gius Laterza & Figli, 1971. vii, 301p.

“Capitalismo y esclavitud; traduccion de Daniel Rey Diaz y Francisco Angel Gomes. Habana: Instituto Cubano del Libros, 1975. 253p.

“The Origin of Negro slavery” in Black society in the new world; edited with an introduction by Richard Frucht. NY: Random House, 1971, p.3-25. (Reprinted from Capitalism and slavery).

in Peoples and cultures of the Caribbean: an anthropological reader; edited with an introduction by Michael M. Horowitz. NY: Natural History Press for the American Museum of Natural History, 1971, p.47-74.

“British industry and the triangular trade” in The Slave economies Vol 1: historical and theoretical perspectives; edited by Eugene D. Genovese NY : Wiley, 1973, p.183-194. (Problems in American history). (Excerpt from Capitalism and slavery, chap. v).

1945

“The Idea of a British West Indian university“. HARVARD EDUCATIONAL REVIEW Vol XV (3), May 1945, p.182-191. Speech delivered at the Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica on August 21 1944. Corrected and amplified by the author.

“Historical background of British Guiana’s problem“. TIMEHRI 4th series 1 (26), Nov 1944, p.18-34.

“Establishment of a university of the West Indies“. JOURNAL OF NEGRO EDUCATION Vol 13 (4), Fall 1944, p.565-568.

“Race relations in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands“. FOREIGN AFFAIRS Vol 23 (2), Jan 1945, p.308-317.

“Historical background of British Guiana’s problem”. JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY Vol XXX (4), Oct 1945, p.357-381.

1946

“Proposed British West Indian university“. SCHOOL & SOCIETY Vol 63 (1632) April 1946, p.244-245.

“Idea of a British West Indies university“. PHYLON 2nd Qrt, Oct 1946, p.147-156. Text of a forum lecture delivered at Atlanta University on April 3 1946. Based on Education in the British West Indies.

“Contemporary pattern of race relations in the Caribbean“. PHYLON 2nd Qrt, Oct 1946, p.367-379.

“Education in dependent territories in America“. JOURNAL OF NEGRO EDUCATION Vol XV (3), Summer 1946, p.534-551.

1947

“The New British colonial policy of development and welfare“. AMERICAN PERSPECTIVES Vol 1 (7), Dec 1947, p.437-451.

“Documents illustrating the development of civilization Vol 1 (to 1688)” compiled and edited by Eric Williams. Washington, D.C.: Kaufmann Press, 1947.

1950

“Negro slave trade in anglo-spanish relations“. CARIBBEAN HISTORICAL REVIEW No (1), Dec 1950, p.22-45.

“Education in the British West Indies“; foreword by John Dewey. [POS] : Guardian Commercial Printery [for Teachers’ Economic and Cultural Association], 1950. 167p.

with an introduction by D.W. Rogers and a new preface by the author. NY: University Place Bookshop, 1968. xix, 167p.

1951

“The Caribbean bookshelf: the sugar economy of the Caribbean“. CARIBBEAN HISTORICAL REVIEW No (11), Dec 1951, p.142-152.

1952

“Four poets of the Greater Antilles“. CARIBBEAN QUARTERLY Vol 2 (4), 1952, p.8-15. Lecture to the Trinidad and Tobago Literary League of Cultural and Debating Class on 4th April 1952. Nicolas Guillén (Cuba); Jacques Roumain, Jean Brierre (Haiti); Luis Pales Matos (Puerto Rico).

CARIBBEAN QUARTERLY Vol 8 (1), 1962, p.4-12.

“A West Indian book collection“. CARIBBEAN COMMISSION MONTHLY INFORMATION BULLETIN Vol 6 (3), Oct 1952, p.59-62, 72.

“Action taken on West Indian conference recommendations: 1-industrial development“. CARIBBEAN COMMISSION MONTHLY INFORMATION BULLETIN Vol 6 (4), Nov 1952, p.87-89.

“Action taken on West Indian conference recommendations: 11-agricultural development“. CARIBBEAN COMMISSION MONTHLY INFORMATION BULLETIN Vol 6 (5), Dec 1952, p.108-110.

“Documents on British West Indian history 1807-1833“. (Select documents from the Public Record Office, London, relating to the colonies of Barbados, British Guiana, Jamaica and Trinidad); compiled and edited by Eric Williams. POS: Trinidad Publishing Co., 1952. xxii, 406p. At head of title: Historical Society of Trinidad & Tobago in collaboration with Social Science Research Centre, University of Puerto Rico.

1953

“Zone des Caraibes“. CIVILISATIONS Vol III (4), 1953, p.159-172.

“The International Institute of Differing Civilisations“. CARIBBEAN COMMISSION MONTHLY INFORMATION BULLETIN Vol 7 (5), Dec 1953, p.98-100. History of the Institute and its predecessor the International Colonial Institute.

“Evaluation of existing facilities for vocational training in the Caribbean and proposals for their improvement“; prepared jointly by Lucien Dulau [et al] and coordinated by Eric Williams in Development of vocational education in the Caribbean. POS : Caribbean Commission, 1953, p.25-44.

1954

“Survey of some major Caribbean developments in 1953“. CARIBBEAN COMMISSION MONTHLY INFORMATION BULLETIN Vol 7 (6), Jan 1954, p.121-124.

“Caribbean trade with Argentina“. CARIBBEAN COMMISSION MONTHLY INFORMATION BULLETIN Vol 7 (6), Jan 1954, p.139-142.

“Importance of small scale farming in the Caribbean” in Small scale farming in the Caribbean. [POS]: Caribbean Commission, 1954, p.1-14.

“The Need for instructional materials related to the Caribbean environment” in Education in the Caribbean. [POS]: Caribbean Commission, 1956, p.3-11. Paper presented at the Conference on Education & small scale farming, October 6-15 1954.

“In support of textbooks with a Caribbean flavour“. CARIBBEAN COMMISSION MONTHLY INFORMATION BULLETIN Vol 8 (4-5), Nov-Dec 1954, p.69-71, 104.

CARIBBEAN Vol 8 (6), Jan 1955, p.114-115, 119. Reprinted from a paper presented at the conference on education and small scale farming.

“The Historical background of British West Indian Federation: select documents“. CARIBBEAN HISTORICAL REVIEW Nos (III-IV), Dec 1954, p.13-69.

“A Bibliography of Caribbean history: a preliminary essay part 1 1492-1898“. CARIBBEAN HISTORICAL REVIEW Nos (III-IV), Dec 1954, p.208-250.

“The British West Indies at Westminster part 1: 1789-1823“: extracts from the debates in Parliament selected and edited by Eric Williams. [POS]: Government Printing Office, 1954. viii, 136p. Historical Society of Trinidad & Tobago.

NY: Negro Universities Press, 1954.

1955

“Analysis of recommendations of education commissions and experts in Trinidad 1869-1954: (b) teacher training”. Typescript. Lecture at the Trinidad Public Library on January 20 1955.

“My relations with the Caribbean Commission 1943-1955“. POS : Gazette Printing Works for Dr. Eric Williams, 1955. 51p. A public lecture given under the auspices of the People’s Education Movement of the Teachers Economic and Cultural Association in Woodford Square on June 21 1955, and repeated under the auspices of The Caribbean Women National Assembly at Harris Promenade, San Fernando on June 28 1955.

“Economic problems of Trinidad & Tobago.” POS : College Press for Dr. Eric Williams, 1955. 35p. Public Affairs Pamphlets No.1. A public lecture given under the auspices of the People’s Education Movement of the T.E.C.A. Ltd., in Woodford Square on July 5 1955 and repeated under the auspices of the Caribbean Women National Assembly at Harris Promenade, San Fernando on July 12 1955.

“Constitution reform in Trinidad and Tobago“. POS : Port of Spain Gazette for Dr. Eric Williams, 1955. 36 [2]p. Public Affairs Pamphlets No 2. A public lecture given under the auspices of the People’s Education Movement of the T.E.C.A. Ltd., at Woodford Square on July 19 1955 and repeated at Ausonville Savannah, Tunapuna on July 21; The Car Park, Couva July 22; Frisco Junction, Point Fortin July 23; Casbah Club, Fyzabad July 24; The Race Stand, Arima July 25; Harris Promenade, San Fernando July 26; St. Andrew’s High School, Sangre Grande August 2 1955.

“Aspects of Caribbean economy; economic aspects of the sugar industry“. PNM WEEKLY Vol 1 (10), Aug 23 1956; Vol 1 (11), Aug 30 1956. Excerpt from paper presented to the Plantation Workers’ Conference convened by CADORIT in Georgetown, British Guiana August 1955.

“The Implications of federation“. 38 leaves, mimeo. Lecture delivered in British Guiana on August 11 1955.

“The Historical background of race relations in the Caribbean“. POS: College Press for Dr. Eric Williams, [1955]. 35p. (Public Affairs Pamphlets No 3). A public lecture under the auspices of the People’s Education Movement of the T.E.C.A. Ltd., at Woodford Square on August 16, and repeated at Scarborough Community Centre, Tobago on August 21, and at Harris Promenade, San Fernando on August 23 1955.

“The Case for party politics in Trinidad and Tobago“. POS : College Press for Dr. Eric Williams, [1955]. 24p. (Public Affairs Pamphlets No 4). A public lecture under the auspices of the People’s Education Movement of the T.E.C.A. Ltd., at Woodford Square on September 13 1955 and repeated at AME Church, Barataria September 14; Holy Cross E.C. Hall, Cantaro September 15; The Triangle, Princes Town September 16; Harris Promenade, San Fernando September 20; The Market, Chaguanas September 22; Frisco Junction, Point Fortin September 23; Casbah Club, Fyzabad September 24; Sam’s Club, Palo Seco September 25; The Race Stand, Arima September 26; Community Centre, Gasparillo September 28 1955.

“Aspects of Caribbean economy: the sugar plantation workers“. PNM WEEKLY Vol 1 (12), Sept 6 1956; Vol 1 (13), Sept 13 1956. Feature address for ICFTU at ILO Committee on Plantation Workers 3rd Session October 20 1955.